Author: Simon and Xie Baohong

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On November 28, 2017, the Hunan Museum reopened after five years of closure. Arata Isozaki, chief designer of Hunan Provincial Museum/New Museum, world-class design master and design theorist, said that "in the overall design, "the culture of Xianghu Lake is floating in the water vapor"" ;, “It is like an invisible plane, representing a kind of time span and traversal: what grows underground is a down-to-earth context and foundation, and what floats above is the era and future above the foundation. I hope that after it slowly unfolds in the air, it will have a very modern form.

 

“Since 2011, our The design took nearly seven years. The very important historical heritage of the Hunan Provincial Museum is the cultural relics unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb. The Mawangdui Tomb is actually an architectural space itself. When presenting this space, we use a large-scale structure to structure it, which should be said to be a very unique case in the world in terms of the composition of the museum space, and constitutes a very important feature of the Hunan Provincial Museum."

“The cultural relics unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb with a history of more than 2,000 years, including the female corpse of Mrs. Xin Zhui, are unique in the world. I believe that a considerable number of people in China and even the world hope to have the opportunity to visit here in their lifetime. Calculated in this way, about 2.5 billion people have this willingness to visit the Hunan Provincial Museum."

 

“So, except The spatial processing also needs to consider the functional organization. We thought of many ways, and the final plan is: after the flow of people comes in, go to the top of the restored tomb first, then circle around the tomb, look down at the exhibits, and then enter other exhibition halls. Such a streamlined organization has spent a lot of time in process design."

Hunan Provincial Museum/Art Director of Interior and Exhibition Design Huang Jiancheng, Deputy Dean of the School of Urban Design, Central Academy of Fine Arts, said: In design, “I think&ldquo; ;ldquo;Mawangdui”The biggest feature of the exhibition hall is to restore the structure of the Mawangdui Han tomb pit in a ratio of 1:1, and to reproduce the stepped rammed earth tomb, so as to run through the entire Mawangdui visit process. Visitors can intuitively feel the on-site atmosphere of cultural relics coming out of the land, and adopt superimposed, three-dimensional and penetrating forms to undertake more than three floors of visiting flow lines, so that the creation of architectural space and the display of cultural relics are integrated& ;rdquo;. (The above part quotes "Designer Dialogue" by Li Yi/Li Tingting from Hunan Museum)

 

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In order to realize such a design concept, Mrs. Xin Zhui’s cemetery needs to break the traditional design, no longer buried in the ground, but to build a large Structure space, lifted into the air. The tomb of Mrs. Xin Zhui adopts the "Huang Chang Ti Pu" coffin structure that can only be enjoyed by princes in the Han Dynasty, and the tomb is made of rammed earth.  

Traditional rammed earth buildings have declined after thousands of years. Poor, the ratio of the height to the thickness of the building wall is low (generally less than 5, that is, the thickness of the 5-meter-high wall should reach 1 meter), not water-resistant, cracked, and not earthquake-resistant. The requirements of modern construction structures cannot be applied. Traditional rammed earth has a long construction period and requires long-term settlement.

Obviously, it is not feasible to use the traditional rammed earth structure to build the new tomb of Mrs. Xin Zhui. Design intent to lift into the air.

 

Designer Xia Xinhong: “I think new The biggest feature of the pavilion building is the lightness of the overall building. This requires the selection of relatively light and thin materials, which are difficult to reflect in general structural systems. In this project, we used a spatial truss structure system and adopted BIM technology for structural design. This is different from the two-dimensional designs we usually see. BIM is a three-dimensional design, which can fit our ideas more subtly. This is also the first time that BIM technology has been applied to the design of large public buildings in Hunan Province." This requires finding a skin material that can match the truss structure system of the space after using modern building materials to complete the structural part of Mrs. Xin Zhui’s tomb, a skin material similar to rammed earth. This skin material needs to be able to be integrated into the truss structure system.

 

Provincial Construction Engineering Group Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd. found Shenzhen Simon United Building Materials Co., Ltd. after searching domestic and foreign construction units capable of building rammed earth, and handed over the overall design idea and a piece of Han Dynasty rammed earth from Mawangdui to Simon joint company. And solemnly gave the following requirements:
(1) The color and mechanism must not be different from the Mawangdui rammed earth of the Han Dynasty;
(2) The new tomb of Mrs. Xinzhui adopts After pouring the structure, only 50mm of thickness can be used as rammed earth on the surface.
(3) The depth of the tomb of Mrs. Xin Zhui exceeds 7 meters, and the height of the art hall exceeds 7 meters. It is hoped that the epidermis will be made into the mechanism and mechanism of rammed earth.
(4) The art hall adopts a space truss structure system, which requires the selection of relatively light and thin materials. The thickness of the rammed earth can only be 50mm and it needs to be linked on the keel in a way similar to dry-hanging stones. The strength and thickness ratio of the rammed earth used must be beyond the conventional.

Why was Shenzhen Simon United Building Materials Co., Ltd. entrusted with important tasks? All because the Simon rammed earth laboratory can complete the overall closed-loop process from raw materials such as clay, sand and stone to rammed earth buildings.