Hakka Tulou was once the pinnacle of rammed earth wall technology in the world.  

It means tamping, that is, compacting the soil; the noun is defined as a material of ancient Chinese architecture, which is a pressed mixed mud block that is strong, dense and has fewer gaps, and is used for housing construction. my country has used this technology for a very long time. It has been used on a large scale from the Neolithic Age to the 1950s and 1960s. Even now, some remote areas are still using this method. (Excerpt from Baidu Encyclopedia)

Rammed earth walls are built with wooden boards as molds, filled with clay or limestone (raw soil), and rammed with pestles layer by layer. It has been used on a large scale in my country from the Neolithic Age to the 1950s and 1960s. It is the main architectural form before the industrial revolution all over the world, including Europe and the United States. After the Industrial Revolution the use of cement, rammed earth walls began to decline. Rammed earth walls are commonly used in the most splendid buildings of ancient China. Such as the Great Wall, palaces and tombs of various dynasties. Among the dwellings, the adobe houses in the northwest and the Hakka earth buildings in the south are typical representatives of rammed earth buildings.

The Earth wall construction has accumulated valuable experience in foundation treatment, rammed earth wall materials, wall structure and ramming methods. Only the rammed earth walls of Hakka earth buildings can be so thin and meet the requirements of firmness and earthquake resistance. The Hakka earth building has pushed the rammed earth wall building to the peak with its huge size, durability and reasonable structure. Has become a world cultural heritage.

Modern rammed earth wall technology genre and characteristics< ;/span>

After the industrial revolution, cement was invented and concrete was used on a large scale. The strength of the rammed earth wall is not enough, the water resistance is poor, and the construction cannot be mechanized and other defects are inferior to concrete. The ancient construction form and technique of rammed earth wall quickly withdrew from the stage of history and is currently only used in some underdeveloped areas. Earth architecture has almost become a symbol of backwardness and poverty. With the continuous development of the city and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment, architects have more desires for ecological buildings than before. Architects in developed countries in Europe and the United States have made in-depth studies on adobe buildings and concluded that ancient adobe buildings are beyond the reach of ordinary concrete buildings in terms of energy saving, environmental protection and architectural aesthetics. Earth architecture is starting to make a comeback in developed countries.

At present, there are two technical schools of adobe architecture. The ecological raw soil construction method of pure raw soil and ramming technology represented by the authoritative French CRATeer  soil research center and the raw soil improvement construction method of adding lime and cement concrete to the raw soil represented by Australia .
The advantages and disadvantages of the two different rammed earth buildings are very obvious: the CRATeer school, which uses pure raw soil in the French style, realizes the most ecological ecological concept of returning soil to soil. At the highest point of ecological environmental protection, it summarizes the rammed earth construction technology of human beings for thousands of years, and forms a systematic modern rammed earth construction method. It adopts a scientific method to end the ancient technology of rammed earth and uses modern technology to improve the formwork, which is a systematic and scientific raw soil construction.

The Australian way of adding lime, cement and concrete to raw soil. Concrete rammed earth can more directly learn from mature concrete pouring technology and formwork technology, and operate on a larger scale. Due to the use of concrete technology, the surface of the rammed earth wall can be decorated very smooth and carefully, and there will be no problems such as sand and mud on the surface. While gaining the beauty of rammed earth, the public avoids the shortcomings of earth walls.

Raw earth construction is difficult to achieve industrialized production for modern large-scale urban buildings: it is difficult to obtain standard raw soil, the high cost of raw earth construction (several times higher than the cost of concrete), and because the wall height of the rammed earth wall and In terms of wall width ratio and load-bearing issues, the rammed earth wall is only used as a partition wall in modern buildings. The main body of the building still needs to be finished with a concrete structure. Especially it is difficult to use on multi-storey and high-rise buildings. The French ramming form is more suitable for the construction of villas, restoration and reproduction of gardens and historical buildings. The problem of occupying a lot of land is an important reason why this kind of building form is unsustainable in areas with high land costs. In my country, due to the scarcity of land resources, especially in first- and second-tier cities, it has become an extremely luxurious wish to use raw earth to build rammed earth walls.

The way of adding lime cement and concrete to the ecology of the Australian-style rammed earth wall basically deviates from the concept that the raw soil of ecological buildings belongs to the soil. But for the wider use of the natural beauty of rammed earth, the beauty of color and the layered beauty of rammed earth are more convenient. Concrete rammed earth can more directly learn from mature concrete pouring technology and formwork technology, and the larger-scale operating public can avoid various shortcomings of earth walls while obtaining the beauty of rammed earth.

Reasons for the revival of rammed earth walls

Rammed earth walls return to modern society based on the basic elements of rammed earth walls:

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2) There will be no concept of returning construction waste to soil.

3) Unique architectural beauty of ramming mechanism.

4) Historicity, diversity, and regionality.

5) The artistic conception and poetic beauty of the local culture.

Eco-environmental protection and returning soil to soil without generating construction waste are ideal for construction. The unique architectural beauty of rammed earth mechanism, historical diversity and regionality, local cultural artistic conception and poetic beauty are the direct driving forces for many works to start to re-use rammed earth walls. At least in China. After more than 20 years of large-scale demolition and reconstruction, domestic architects and designers are more and more aware of the monotony of domestic architecture and interior decoration. Lack of historical diversity and regionality, no artistic conception beauty of local culture and traditional Chinese poetic beauty. This lack has become hunger and luxury in first- and second-tier cities. It has become the strongest kinetic energy for the rammed earth wall to return to our side. This kind of kinetic energy will have a stronger impetus than the concept of ecology and earth to earth pursued by European and American environmentalists, and will directly promote the application of rammed earth walls in my country's first- and second-tier modern cities. Here we might as well call this part of the rammed earth wall a modern urban rammed earth wall.

Requirements of modern urban architecture for rammed earth walls

Modern cities Requirements for rammed earth walls: have the characteristics of traditional rammed earth walls, unique ramming mechanism,

Historical diversity and regionality. The artistic conception of the country is beautiful and poetic. It only needs to occupy rammed earth walls with a thickness of 5-20 cm and a height of 7-8 sides. It has the same strength as modern building materials, waterproof and anti-aging, and has a long service life, which can be used for 50-70 years. Good thermal insulation effect. A rammed earth wall that can conform to modern building construction technology and maximize the use of modern engineering construction machinery. It is easy to combine with the building body of concrete frame structure or steel structure, and facilitates the construction and installation of rammed earth walls.

This kind of rammed earth wall can be built on the site of the project, or it can be transported to the site for installation after modular production in the factory.

It can be used on the exterior walls of multi-storey or even high-rise buildings, and can also be used to decorate the interior walls of hotels, museums, and office buildings. Suppliers who provide specialized services are professional companies that focus on such segmented market services, and require specialized material R&D and production capabilities, professional on-site construction services, and pre-specialized design capabilities. It will not be a large-scale production enterprise. It is a professional service provider that cannot be provided by assembly lines in the era of large industries.

Shenzhen Simon United Building Materials Co., Ltd. focuses on the research of modern rammed earth. Using decorative mortar and modern concrete form casting technology can realize ultra-thin modern rammed earth as thin as five centimeters and up to 8 meters in height.

Shenzhen Meiduff Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd., a national second-class decoration engineering company, focuses on modern raw earth rammed earth walls, concrete rammed earth walls and modern urban rammed earth walls professional construction company.